Symptoms And Symptoms Of Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Patient Condition The patient, CB, presents with signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus type II. Previously, the patient was to follow up with a work up to determine the cause of her high blood sugar and cholesterol. Not only does CB present with a fasting glucose of 141 and cholesterol of 225, but CB discusses her weight problem. She is considered to be obese with a BMI of 35.7 (NCI). McCance and Huether describe the well known risk factors to include age, obesity, and physical inactivity (2014), all of which the patient has. In addition, CB also has reported an increase in urine production and frequency; vaginal discharge; and blurred vision at times. These manifestations are consistent with diabetes type II. Many factors play†¦show more content†¦This helps to explain how diabetes can run in families. CB presents as an overweight, but by BMI standards she is obese. Obesity is a risk factor for many health concerns including diabetes because of insulin resistance. There are several reasons as to how resistance occurs with obesity (McCance Huether, 2014). First, adipokines which are hormones that are produced by adipose, or fat tissue are present (McCance Huether, 2014). These hormones are responsible for increasing the levels of leptin, and decreasing the adiponectin (McCance Huether, 2014). According to Helen Dodson, the hormone leptin is acts to control metabolism, appetite, and body weight (2014). If the levels are increased, causing leptin resistance, then the patient may feel hunger that is not really there but the body needs more glucose for fuel. Leptin resistance makes it difficult for the insulin to be used properly, causing the body to not obtain the necessary nutrients for energy and metabolism (Diseases and conditions, 2016). Obesity also affects insulin resistance by having an elevated number of free fatty acids (McCance Huether, 2014). When these levels are elevated it causes a chain reaction with the body being able to get insu lin and making tissues not sensitive to insulin (McCance Huether, 2014). These alterations can cause not only changes to Symptoms And Symptoms Of Diabetes Mellitus Type II The patient, CB, presents with signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus type II. McCance and Huether describe the well known risk factors to include age, obesity, and physical inactivity (2014), all of which the patient currently exhibits. The patient has a history of high blood glucose as well high cholesterol, neither of which were further evaluated. Not only does CB present with a fasting glucose of 141 and cholesterol of 225, but CB discusses her weight problem. CB falls into the category of obesity based on a body mass index of 35.7. In addition, CB also has reported an increase in urine production and frequency; vaginal discharge; and blurred vision at times. These manifestations are consistent with diabetes type II (McCance †¦show more content†¦These hormones are responsible for increasing the levels of leptin, and decreasing the adiponectin (McCance Huether, 2014). According to Helen Dodson, the hormone leptin acts to control metabolism, appetite, and body weight (2014). If the levels are increased, causing leptin resistance, then the patient may feel hunger that is not really there, but the body needs more glucose for fuel. Leptin resistance makes it difficult for the insulin to be used properly, causing the body to not utilize the necessary nutrients for energy and metabolism (Patient care and health information: Type 2 diabetes, 2016). Obesity also affects insulin resistance by having an elevated number of free fatty acids in the blood(McCance Huether, 2014). When these levels are elevated it causes a chain reaction making tissues not sensitive to insulin that is available (McCance Huether, 2014). These alterations can cause not only changes to the secretion of glucagon but can also cause inflammatory changes (McCance Huether, 2014). The inflammation that obesity causes on the cellular level is what paves the way for the insulin resistance to continue. The inflammation also plays an important role in the genesis of fatty liver, athero sclerosis and dyslipidemia. (McCance Huether, 2014, p.741). This in turn causes the high cholesterol associated with diabetes. Insulin resistance can last for manyShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Diabetes Mellitus Type II1991 Words   |  8 PagesPatient Condition The patient, CB, presents with signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus type II. Previously, the patient was to follow up with a work up to determine the cause of her high blood sugar and cholesterol. Not only does CB present with a fasting glucose of 141 and cholesterol of 225, but CB discusses her weight problem. She is considered to be obese with a BMI of 35.7 (NCI). 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