Identifying A Cluster Of Media Communication - 2405 Words

Examining a cluster of media communication in order to review common and unique approaches that the marketing industry utilizes was not something that crossed my mind to ever do. The task was not as easy as I expected when explained in class; but, it was interesting and seeing as though I have learned over the years through my other classes that the average American spends somewhere near 8 hours of their day watching television, the marketing industry has a big advantage using commercials to attract their viewers and manipulate them into purchasing and using or consuming the product they are delivering to them through the television screen. For this assignment, I tuned into TBS where an episode of Friends was finishing up and an episode†¦show more content†¦Of all the commercials I saw, they were all geared towards young adults and older. From Ink-Joy pen commercials to a Realtor.com commercial with Pepsi, Pizza Hut, and Reds Ale in between, these commercials seem to be heav ily concentrated on adults, the activities they take part in, and the resources they will need for future endeavors. I was unable to document a significant difference in the types of commercials shown during these programs in order to have much of a comparison, but there was enough alike about them to dissect them and really figure out the methods which broadcasting companies use in order to attract their buyers and consumers. For every television channel I have ever watched throughout my life the commercials have always been significantly louder than the actual show I am viewing; not just for these two channels, but I did notice it more when actually having to pay attention. Why does this annoying thing constantly happen every channel I choose to watch? The answer to this question: marketing purposes. It is in the companies best interest on becoming successful with the product they are attempting to sell by turning the volume up on their commercials louder than the actual televisio n show because it attracts the viewers and manipulates them in to paying attention to them. People are not watching television shows to see the commercials; maybe some people on

Hierarchical Document Clustering Based On Cosine...

Hierarchical Document Clustering based on Cosine Similarity measure Ms. Shraddha K.Popat* Ms. Vishakha A. Metre Asst.Professor, Asst.Professor, Department of computer Engineering, Department of computer Engineering, D.Y.Patil, College of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune, India D.Y.Patil, College of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune, India shraddhakp21@gmail.com vishakha.metre@gmail.com Abstract- Clustering is one of the prime topics in data mining. Clustering partitions the data and classifies the data into meaningful subgroups. Document clustering is grouping of document set into clusters such that document within each cluster are more alike between each other than those in different cluster. In this paper, an experimental exploration of similarity based method, HSC for measuring similarity between data objects particularly text documents is introduced. It also provides an algorithm which approaches incrementally and evaluates cluster cohesiveness by carefully watching pair-wise similarity between documents that leads to much improved results over other traditional methods. It also focuses on selection of appropriate similarity measure which plays significant role in measuring similarity between the documents. Keywords-Clustering, Document clustering, Hierarchical, Similarity measures. I. INTRODUCTION There have been rich source of datasets available in recent years. Data mining is the practice of automatically searching enormous amount of data to discover patterns and trend beyondShow MoreRelatedNews Aggregation Of Python Using Hierarchical Clustering1682 Words   |  7 PagesNews Aggregation in Python using Hierarchical Clustering Rahul S Verma CSE Department IMSEC Ghaziabad rahul.1a94@gmail.com Satyam Gupta CSE Department IMSEC Ghaziabad satyam905@gmail.com Shivangi CSE Department IMSEC Ghaziabad bitts.beans@gmail.com ABSTRACT In this paper we are going to illustrate a way to cluster similar news articles based on their term frequency. We will using python and nltk to recognize keywords and subsequently using hierarchical clustering algorithm. This method can be usedRead MoreDocument Analysis Using Latent Semantic Indexing With Robust Principal11097 Words   |  45 PagesDocument Analysis Using Latent Semantic Indexing with Robust Principal Component Analysis Turki Fisal Aljrees School of Science and Technology Middlesex University Registration report MPhil / PhD June 2015 Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge Director of Study Dr. Daming Shi, My Second Supervisor: Dr. David Windridge , and Dr. George Dafoulas Abstract There are numerous data mining techniques have been developed and used recently in text documents. Using and update discovered a patternRead MoreFactors That Consider Implicit Feedback May Be Classified Into Two Main Categories1782 Words   |  8 Pages2.3 Related Study Personalization strategies that consider implicit feedback may be classified into two main categories: document-based and concept-based. Document-based strategies consider discovering user document preferences from the clickthrough information, to find out a ranking operator that optimizes the user’s browsing and clicking preferences on the retrieved documents. Joachims [2002] initially proposed extracting user clicking preferences from the clickthrough information by assuming thatRead MorePerformance For Web Documents Mining Using Nlp And Latent Semantic Indexing With Singular Value Decomposition10240 Words   |  41 PagesA THESIS On Performance for Web document mining using NLP and Latent Semantic Indexing with Singular Value Decomposition ABSTRACT In this thesis we propose a description Web based document file can be say that Latent Semantic Indexing is a application for information sentence and word based retrieval that promises to offer better performance by incapacitating approximately limits that waves outdated term identical methods. These word matching techniques have constantly relied on matching

Relationships Among Customer Satisfaction â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Relationships Among Customer Satisfaction? Answer: Introduction The hotel Courthouse is an establishment, which is located in the large citys centre. The hotel is primarily facing competition on the faces of cost. Their prices are kept comparatively lower. However, the quality and range of food is not having a right standard. However, the hotel is seeking developments when the German chancellor is looking forward to visit the hotel. The hotel is looking forward as well to bring improvements in the management of the hotel. The hotel supervisor might face problems while dealing with the front house. In this respect, the hotel must come up with strategies in order to bring improvements in the particular department. a) While welcoming the German delegate, the manager of the front of the house of the hotel needs to take care of certain issues to raise the standard of the hotel industry. The work of the front office is related with the direct interactions with the guests or they are conducted in front of the guests. They are connected to direct interaction with the guests, which incorporates the accommodation, reservation and so forth. However, the supervisor needs to take care of the Front house of the hotel in order to raise its standard while welcoming the German councilor (Miller, Walker Drummond, 2007) In this point of time, the Supervisor needs to consider the issues and solve them accordingly. The practice of the hotel confirms more reservations that what the actual inventory can permit. Hotel do not show information in order determine the percentage to what extent they can over commit the rooms (Boella Goss, 2013). Another drawback that is needed to consider is the imposition of the charges, which are incidental, but on the basis of the miscellaneous items that one can use at hotel in the form of valet parking or telephone calls. The front office usually get the approval for the amount which is requested and impose charge at the guests regularly. The front offices at times failed to do their jobs regularly which results to the negligence, which results to the birth of many hotel complaints from the guest. The reservation is also being one of the major problems among the guests and this happens out of the negligence of the front officers. While welcoming the German delegate, it is important for the front officers staffs to make a grand welcome with their gestures and post ures of welcoming the guest properly (Glickman, Gordon Ross, 2012). The Supervisor needs to take into consideration that there are lack of staffs in the hotel who know German language. Therefore, the supervisor needs to recruit staffs who knows the language and make a grand welcome to the guest. The front desk staffs do not have proper communication with the other departments of the hotel industry, in this matter, if the German delegate has some queries about the other departments then he can easily ask the front office. In this matter, the supervisor needs to make the team ready for the providing a higher quality of services to the delegate in terms of waging communication and offering help to the Government delegate. The requirements of the staffs are needed to be fulfilled in order to welcome the guest on that particular day. The staffs are needed to well dressed not like usual. If these issues are taken into consideration and can be solved and well managed properly, then it wou ld be great in the eyes of the delegation that the hotel has raised its standard to a maximum level (Glickman, Gordon Ross, 2012). b) The key skills that the supervisor of the front office needs to demonstrate while welcoming the German delegate is present his leadership properly in order to see the functioning of the staffs in related to the front office, which includes the grand welcoming of the visitor, and greet the delegation properly. The supervisor needs to have both communication and proper leadership skills. The leadership qualities of the supervisor would make him to overview the activities of the staffs to make sure that the activities in the office are running smoothly (Suh, West Shin, 2012). The supervisors responsibility is to welcome the delegate and as mentioned before providing the guest with the best possible services. If the delegate faces any problems regarding the service quality issue, it is the responsibility of the staffs to handle the problems efficiently. It is the supervisors roles and responsibility again to functions as per the instructions of the manager to see the duties of the fr ont house of the hotel. He needs to take into account that the staffs are adhered to the rules and regulations. As a leader, the supervisor must ensure that the members of staff follow proper discipline (Miller Walker, 2012). It is the job of the supervisor of the front office to communicate and give direction to the staff members in a concise and clear manner and if possible in a clearer format. The supervisor must have a better communication skill while listening to the requests of the Government delegate and give him the details about the timings of the outlet near the spots of the tourists and to describe about the local attractions and overall services that the staffs of the hotel would give to the German visitor. The supervisor needs to make sure that the appropriate room is selected for the visitor to stay as per the requirements of the visitor and also confirming rates to the visitor after handing over the keys to the delegate (Rothfelder et al., 2012). The supervisor needs to stay alert and must apply his role model skills as well to the staffs during the emergencies. Other than the leadership and communication skills, the supervisor needs to have the skill of dealing with the internal and extern al customers and the supervisor must have a greater level of patience, diplomatic and knows tactics. He must have the skills of doing calculations fast and solve complex situations. The supervisor must have the skills related to the preparing the complex reports related to rooms and the generation of revenue. The manager must possess excellent management and organizing skills and also having the ability perform functions in pressured situations while dealing with any kinds of emergency problems. Thus, to become an effective supervisor and to present his proper skills to the delegate, it is important for him to have these skills present, which as a result would raise the standard of the hotel, and this in turn would increase the publicity of the hotel. c) The motivational techniques that the supervisor must use in order to ensure that the team is giving their maximum performances in order to encourage the strategy planned by the German owner are the following It is the responsibility of the supervisor to share the vision of organization with each member of the team. The staffs must have a collective vision, which would lead them to prosperity and if the staffs are adhered to the rules and regulations of the vision, the position of the hotel would easily be raised and this as well be appreciated by the important German delegate (Lopes, 2016). The supervisor must communicate with the other staffs of the front office, which would open a new avenue for the organization to arrange the activities successfully. The supervisor must support new ideas of the other staffs and help them to create any types of brilliant ideas about the ways that they can arrange properly for the guests to come (Riley, 2014). Supervising do not mean keeping the steps under control. It is the way to ensure that the activities of the organization are implemented at a highest level. It is also the process of giving people to think independently, so that they can come up with new ideas in order to implement their strategies to raise the organization (Tesone, 2012). Goals are needed to be set as well as the objectives. This would further encourage the staffs to perform well. The supervisor needs to make sure that the goals are SMART enough and they can be easily achievable. Each staffs have their strengths and weaknesses. Someone might have a greater communication problem and someone is having the skill of good public speaking. It is therefore for the supervisor to give people to frame out their strength and weakness and to modify their behavior accordingly. The important thing that is needed to be taken into account is to make sure that the staffs are not becoming bored. They are needed to be encouraged by making them remember that they have to attend a special guest and their services matter most in this aspect. If they are continuously being encouraged for their services and about their incentives, the staffs would definitely work properly under the supervisor (Hawkins et al., 2012). The supervisor must encourage staffs to encourage each other in terms of their work and this would give further opportunity to develop growth in their field. The individuals are needed to be encouraged stating that they have the potentiality to welcome the guest properly. It provides employees to work properly (Vander Davis, 1998). It is important to survey the employees regularly about the stages of satisfaction. The way they are conducting their business and how they are successful to give their best output. References Boella, M., Goss-Turner, S. (2013).Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Brotherton, B. (Ed.). (2012).International Hospitality Industry. Routledge. Glickman, C. D., Gordon, S. P., Ross-Gordon, J. M. (2012).The basic guide to supervision and instructional leadership. Pearson Higher Ed. Hawkins, P., Shohet, R., Ryde, J., Wilmot, J. (2012).Supervision in the helping professions. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Lopes, M., 2016.The hospitality industry(Doctoral dissertation). Miller, J, Walker, J Eich Drummond, K (2007) Supervision in the Hospitality Industry, New Jersey, John Wiley and Sons Miller, J, Walker, J (2012) Supervision in the Hospitality Industry, 7th Edition, New Jersey, John Wiley and Sons Riley, M., 2014.Human resource management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Routledge. Rothfelder, K., Ottenbacher, M. C., Harrington, R. J. (2012). The impact of transformational, transactional and non-leadership styles on employee job satisfaction in the German hospitality industry.Tourism and Hospitality Research,12(4), 201-214. Suh, E., West, J. J., Shin, J. (2012). Important competency requirements for managers in the hospitality industry.Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education,11(2), 101-112. Tesone, D. V. (2012).Principles of management for the hospitality industry. Routledge. Van der Wagen, L Davies, C (1998) Supervision and Leadership in Tourism and Hospitality, London, Hospitality Press

Brief History of Chinese American Immigration Essay Sample free essay sample

Majority of the Chinese immigrants were husbandmans. provincials. or craftmen. As a consequence of the Opium War between Britain and China ; China suffered greatly economically due to Britain get the better ofing China. Subsequently. the licking brought away non merely political agitation. but besides. internal rebellions. Chinese immigrants manus come to larn of America’s gold haste. Many dreamed of being able to rapidly derive wealth in an attempt to back up their hapless households back in China. The first immigrants who began geting from China in 1848 were males. For rather some clip really few Chinese adult females came to the United States due to the fact the Chinese adult females where physically unable to make the same work as work forces. As a consequence of the deficiency of adult females harlotry became portion of norm for many Chinese work forces. Well over 90 per centum of the immigrants f that epoch were non merely from Canton in South China but from a really few counties centered on the Pearl River Delta at that place. ( Daniels 241 ) They spoke the linguistic communication of Cantonese and journeyed to the United States by boat. Most Chinese were â€Å"sojourners† ( Takaki 129 ) . merely intended to remain for a impermanent period ; in the terminal. nevertheless. many did remain for the remainder of their lives. ( M4. W3. 2205. W2013 77 ) Every Chinese who came to the United States arrived at Angel Island located in San Franscio. California. By 1868 the Burlingame Treaty was signed. This pact between China. Britain and the United States entailed that neither state province would put an cap one the figure of immigrates come ining its lodgers. Each state would be wholly unfastened and concerted with an limitless in-migration from the other state. In add-on. the pact captioned that each states citizens would be able to go into and shack freely without jobs. The pact besides maintained the United States would non concern itself with internal Chinese personal businesss. It’s through this pact the inflow of Chinese immigrants came to an all clip high. Through the pact the United States received a really cheap labour beginning. Because all Chinese immigrants arrived in San Francisco they made the metropolis place off from place and as a consequence created the United States foremost Chinatown. Chinatown was a sector in the metropolis of San Francisco in which the huge bulk of Chinese lived. Chinatown in San Francisco retained much of the Chinese civilization in China. They were overcrowded slum countries. but as such were non excessively different from other immigrant enclaves except that the comfortable urban Chinese lived at that place excessively. ( Daniels 242 ) The Chinatown bestowed many stores. organisations. and societal amusement in which the Chinese were accustom to. Chinatown was a topographic point in which many Chinese found non merely familiar. but besides safe. In 1848 the gold haste began when gold was found at John Sutter’s sawmill located in what is now California. The gilded haste drew in many people from all over the Earth. but it besides drew in Chinese every bit good. Motivated with ideas of being able to construct wealth rapidly and the ability to back up their households in China. Chinese in-migration was the new found hope for many Chinese seeking a better life. Because of the gold haste. by 1850. â€Å"32 per centum of the population of California was nonnative. † compared to approximately 10 % for the remainder of the state ( M4. W3. 2205. W2013 73 ) After 1849. Chinese began by working the gilded mines of California. subsequently traveling to service work ( washs. most notably ) . but Chinese immigrants besides helped construct the railwaies. most significantly they were built-in in the edifice of the Transcontinental Railroad ( completed in 1869 ) . ( M4. W3. 2205. W2013 56 ) Chinese labourers could help with bridging San Francisco to all of the Atlantic provinces. By making so policymaker Aaron H. Palmer felt this in bend would take the commercialism of the Pacific to another degree. Chinese immigrants suffered vastly at the custodies of those who were anti-Chinese. They were discriminated against in footings of wage and forced to work under abysmal conditions. White workers viewed them as economic rivals and racial inferiors. thereby exciting the transition of prejudiced Torahs and the committee of widespread Acts of the Apostless of force against the Chinese. ( Wei ) Anti-Chinese motion embodied the spirit of hatred and bitterness of Chinese. For illustration. in 1881 sketch creative person George Frederick Keller drew the â€Å"A Statue for Our Harbor† . This sketch depicts the lampoon of the â€Å"Statue of Liberty† prior to its dedication to the United States in 1886. The creative person portrays the Statue of Liberty in the San Francisco Bay because Angel Island was the first cavity halt Chinese immigrants made upon go forthing China. The beams of visible radiation that come from the statues head reflects non merely economical. but besides societal in content. The first beam get downing from the right reads â€Å"filth† . Filth was a word frequently used to depict Chinese immigrants visual aspect and life conditions. The following beam reflects â€Å"immorality† . Immorality was used to depict Chinese due to their country’s covering with opium and there connexions to harlotry. Diseases is what is on the following beam of visible radiation. Anti Chinese sentiment was that all Chinese immigrants were disease ridden. The following beam of visible radiation labeled is ruin to followed by the beam of visible radiation labeled white and eventually labour. One at this clip can read from the writers viewpoint that Chinese were a ruin to white labour. The base in which the construction stands upon reflects a garrison affixed with cannons. The artist links the drug opium to the Chinese by picturing an opium pipe in the manus of what has been deem as the â€Å"Statue of Liberty† . This point of view was shared along with many others who were anti-Chinese. The ultimate end of the motion was merely to tease and drive out the Chinese. In the spring of 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress. The executing of this Act prohibited immigrants from freely immigrating to the United States. The Act included non merely Chinese. but all other Asians every bit good. The Chinese Exclusion Act went wholly against what the 1868 Burlingame Treaty. The new jurisprudence was an attempt to restrict Asiatics from freely coming to the United States. As a consequence of the new Act any Chinese that left the United States would hold to use for enfranchisement to reenter the United States. For those who did non go forth the state were automatically made lasting foreigners oppose to going United States citizens. This Act virtually cut off household ties to China for many of the Chinese work forces who remained in the United States. Three old ages after the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1885 a public violence broke out at Rock Springs. Wyoming mine. The public violence stemmed from the bing racial favoritism of the Chinese and the fright of occupation loss or lower rewards for the white mineworkers. Chinese mineworkers were being paid and accepted much lower rewards oppose to their white opposite numbers. White mineworkers found it difficult to vie with Chinese mineworkers willing to accept lower rewards. As a consequence. the company would engage Chinese labours alternatively of white opposite numbers. Subsequently. the racial tenseness blew up into a violent public violence between the white mineworkers and Chinese mineworkers. Many Chinese mineworkers either killed or injured. Although the public violence began in the mine it finally moved to the Chinatown country where many places of the Chinese were destroyed. Although the Rock Springs slaughter was one of the most ghastly and violent act of the anti Chinese mot ion. it was one of many illustrations of how Chinese immigrants were capable to mistreatment and favoritism. It would non be until 1943 when the Chinese Exclusion Act was lift with the Magnuson Act. The Act non merely allowed Chinese immigrates to get down migrating back to the United States on a quota bases. But it besides allowed Chinese immigrates who were already in the United States to go United States citizens. Although. favoritism against the Chinese continued they were eventually acquiring the some of the same benefits other immigrants coming to the United States were entitled to. Plants Cited Wei. William. â€Å"The Chinese-American Experience: An Introduction. † The Chinese America Experience 1857-1892.hypertext transfer protocol: //immigrants. harpweek. com/ChineseAmericans/1Introduction/BillWeiIntro. htmGeorge Frederick Keller. â€Å"A Statue for Our Harbor† The Wasp. v. 7. 1881.Wolf. Doug â€Å"M4. W3. 2205. W2013† HST 2205. Northeastern University. Week 2. Winter 2013. Takaki. Ronald. A Larger Memory: A History of our Diversity. with Voices. Boston: Little. Brown A ; Company. 1998. Print. Roger Daniels. Coming to America ( New York: HarperCollins. 2002 )

AP Literature Reading List 127 Great Books for Your Prep

AP Literature Reading List 127 Great Books for Your Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A lot of students wonder if there’s a specific AP English reading list of books they should be reading to succeed on the AP Literature and Composition exam. While there’s not an official College-Board AP reading list, there are books that will be more useful for you to read than others as you prepare for the exam. In this article, I’ll break down why you need to read books to prepare, how many you should plan on reading, and what you should read- including poetry. Why Do You Need to Read Books for the AP Literature Test? This might seem like kind of an obvious question- you need to read books because it’s a literature exam! But actually, there are three specific reasons why you need to read novels, poems, and plays in preparation for the AP Lit Test. To Increase Your Familiarity With Different Eras and Genres of Literature Reading a diverse array of novels, poetry and plays from different eras and genres will help you be familiar with the language that appears in the various passages on the AP Lit exam’s multiple choice and essay sections. If you read primarily modern works, for example, you may stumble through analyzing a Shakespeare sonnet. So, having a basic familiarity level with the language of a broad variety of literary works will help keep you from floundering in confusion on test day because you’re seeing a work unlike anything you’ve ever read. To Improve Your Close-Reading Skills You’ll also want to read to improve your close-reading and rhetorical analysis skills. When you do read, really engage with the text: think about what the author’s doing to construct the novel/poem/play/etc., what literary techniques and motifs are being deployed, and what major themes are at play. You don’t necessarily need to drill down to the same degree on every text, but you should always be thinking, â€Å"Why did the author write this piece this way?† For the Student Choice Free-Response Question Perhaps the most critical piece in reading to prepare for the AP Lit test, however, is for the student choice free-response question. For the third question on the second exam section, you’ll be asked to examine how a specific theme works in one novel or play that you choose. The College Board does provide an example list of works, but you can choose any work you like just so long as it has adequate â€Å"literary merit.† However, you need to be closely familiar with more than one work so that you can be prepared for whatever theme the College Board throws at you! Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Note: Not an effective reading method. How Many Books Do You Need to Read for the AP Exam? That depends. In terms of reading to increase your familiarity with literature from different eras and genres and to improve your close-reading skills, the more books you have time to read, the better. You’ll want to read them all with an eye for comprehension and basic analysis, but you don’t necessarily need to focus equally on every book you read. For the purposes of the student choice question, however, you’ll want to read books more closely, so that you could write a detailed, convincing analytical essay about any of their themes. So you should know the plot, characters, themes, and major literary devices or motifs used inside and out. Since you won’t know what theme you’ll be asked to write about in advance, you’ll need to be prepared to write a student choice question on more than just one book. Of the books you read for prep both in and out of class, choose four to five books that are thematically diverse to learn especially well in preparation for the exam. You may want to read these more than once, and you certainly want to take detailed notes on everything that’s going on in those books to help you remember key points and themes. Discussing them with a friend or mentor who has also read the book will help you generate ideas on what’s most interesting or intriguing about the work and how its themes operate in the text. You may be doing some of these activities anyways for books you are assigned to read for class, and those books might be solid choices if you want to be as efficient as possible. Books you write essays about for school are also great choices to include in your four to five book stable since you will be becoming super-familiar with them for the writing you do in class anyways. In answer to the question, then, of how many books you need to read for the AP Lit exam: you need to know four to five inside and out, and beyond that, the more the better! Know the books. Love the books. What Books Do You Need to Read for the AP Exam? The most important thing for the student choice free-response question is that the work you select needs to have â€Å"literary merit.† What does this mean? In the context of the College Board, this means you should stick with works of literary fiction. So in general, avoid mysteries, fantasies, romance novels, and so on. If you’re looking for ideas, authors and works that have won prestigious prizes like the Pulitzer, Man Booker, the National Book Award, and so on are good choices. Anything you read specifically for your AP literature class is a good choice, too. If you aren’t sure if a particular work has the kind of literary merit the College Board is looking for, ask your AP teacher. When creating your own AP Literature reading list for the student choice free-response, try to pick works that are diverse in author, setting, genre, and theme. This will maximize your ability to comprehensively answer a student choice question about pretty much anything with one of the works you’ve focused on. So, I might, for example, choose: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare, play, 1605 Major themes and devices: magic, dreams, transformation, foolishness, man vs. woman, play-within-a-play Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte, novel, 1847 Major themes and devices: destructive love, exile, social and economic class, suffering and passion, vengeance and violence, unreliable narrator, frame narrative, family dysfunction, intergenerational narratives. The Age of Innocence, Edith Wharton, novel, 1920 Major themes and devices: Tradition and duty, personal freedom, hypocrisy, irony, social class, family, â€Å"maintaining appearances†, honor Wide Sargasso Sea, Jean Rhys, novel, 1966 Major themes and devices: slavery, race, magic, madness, wildness, civilization vs. chaos, imperialism, gender As you can see, while there is some thematic overlap in my chosen works, they also cover a broad swathe of themes. They are also all very different in style (although you’ll just have to take my word on that one unless you go look at all of them yourself), and they span a range of time periods and genres as well. However, while there’s not necessarily a specific, mandated AP Literature reading list, there are books that come up again and again on the suggestion lists for student choice free-response questions. When a book comes up over and over again on exams, this suggests both that it’s thematically rich, so you can use it to answer lots of different kinds of questions, and that the College Board sees a lot of value in the work. To that end, I’ve assembled a list, separated by time period, of all the books that have appeared on the suggested works list for student choice free-response questions at least twice since 2003. While you certainly shouldn’t be aiming to read all of these books (there’s way too many for that!), these are all solid choices for the student choice essay. Other books by authors from this list are also going to be strong choices. It’s likely that some of your class reading will overlap with this list, too. I’ve divided up the works into chunks by time period. In addition to title, each entry includes the author, whether the work is a novel, play, or something else, and when it was first published or performed. Works are alphabetical by author. Warning: Not all works pictured included in AP Literature reading list below. Ancient Works Title Author Genre Date Medea Euripides play 431 BC The Odyssey Homer epic poem (no date) Antigone Sophocles play 441 BC Oedipus Rex Sophocles play 429 BC 1500-1799 Title Author Genre Date Don Quixote Miguel de Cervantes novel 1605 Tom Jones Henry Fielding novel 1749 As You Like It Shakespeare play 1623 Julius Caesar Shakespeare play 1599 King Lear Shakespeare play 1606 A Midsummer Night’s Dream Shakespeare play 1605 The Merchant of Venice Shakespeare play 1605 Othello Shakespeare play 1604 The Tempest Shakespeare play 16 Candide Voltaire novel 1759 1800-1899 Title Author Genre Date Emma Jane Austen novel 1815 Mansfield Park Jane Austen novel 1814 Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen novel 1813 Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte novel 1847 Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte novel 1847 The Awakening Kate Chopin novel 1899 The Red Badge of Courage Stephen Crane novel 1895 Bleak House Charles Dickens novel 1853 David Copperfield Charles Dickens novel 1850 Great Expectations Charles Dickens novel 1861 Oliver Twist Charles Dickens novel 1837 A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens novel 1859 Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoyevsky novel 1866 Madame Bovary Gustave Flaubert novel 1856 Jude the Obscure Thomas Hardy novel 1895 The Mayor of Casterbridge Thomas Hardy novel 1886 Tess of the d’Urbervilles Thomas Hardy novel 1891 The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne novel 1850 A Doll’s House Henrik Ibsen play 1879 The American Henry James novel 1877 The Portrait of a Lady Henry James novel 1881 Moby-Dick Herman Melville novel 1851 Frankenstein Mary Shelley novel 1818 Anna Karenina Leo Tolstoy novel 1877 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain novel 1885 The Queen of AP Literature surveys her kingdom. 1900-1939 Title Author Genre Date My ntonia Willa Cather novel 1918 The Cherry Orchard Anton Chekhov play 1904 Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad novel 1902 Sister Carrie Theodore Dreiser novel 1900 Murder in the Cathedral T.S. Eliot play 1935 Absalom, Absalom! William Faulkner novel 1936 As I Lay Dying William Faulkner novel 1930 Light in August William Faulkner novel 1932 The Sound and the Fury William Faulkner novel 1929 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald novel 1925 A Passage to India E.M. Forster novel 1924 The Little Foxes Lillian Hellman play 1939 Their Eyes Were Watching God Zora Neale Hurston novel 1937 Brave New World Aldous Huxley novel 1931 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man James Joyce novel 1916 Billy Budd Herman Melville novel 1924 Major Barbara George Bernard Shaw play 1905 The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck novel 1939 The Age of Innocence Edith Wharton novel 1920 Ethan Frome Edith Wharton novel 19 The House of Mirth Edith Wharton novel 1905 Mrs. Dalloway Virginia Woolf novel 1925 1940-1969 Title Author Genre Date Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe novel 1958 Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Edward Albee play 1962 Another Country James Baldwin novel 1962 Waiting for Godot Samuel Beckett play 1953 The Plague Albert Camus novel 1947 Invisible Man Ralph Ellison novel 1952 Lord of the Flies William Golding novel 1954 A Raisin in the Sun Lorraine Hansberry play 1959 Catch-22 Joseph Heller novel 1961 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’ s Nest Ken Kesey novel 1962 A Separate Peace John Knowles novel 1959 To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee novel 1960 The Crucible Arthur Miller play 1953 Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller play 1949 House Made of Dawn N. Scott Momaday novel 1968 Wise Blood Flannery O’Connor novel 1952 1984 George Orwell novel 1949 Cry, the Beloved Country Alan Paton novel 1948 All the King’s Men Robert Penn Warren novel 1946 The Chosen Chaim Potok novel 1967 Wide Sargasso Sea Jean Rhys novel 1966 The Catcher in the Rye JD Salinger novel 1951 Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Tom Stoppard play 1966 Cat’s Cradle Kurt Vonnegut novel 1963 The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams play 1945 A Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams play 1947 Black Boy Richard Wright memoir 1945 Native Son Richard Wright novel 1940 Don't get trapped in a literature vortex! 1970-1989 Title Author Genre Date Bless Me, Ultima Rudolfo Anaya novel 1972 The House on Mango Street Sandra Cisneros novel 1984 â€Å"Master Harold† . . . and the boys Athol Fugard play 1982 M. Butterfly David Henry Hwang play 1988 A Prayer for Owen Meany John Irving novel 1989 The Woman Warrior Maxine Hong Kingston memoir 1976 Obasan Joy Kogawa novel 1981 Beloved Toni Morrison novel 1987 The Bluest Eye Toni Morrison novel 1970 Song of Solomon Toni Morrison novel 1977 Sula Toni Morrison novel 1973 Jasmine Bharati Mukherjee novel 1989 The Women of Brewster Place Gloria Naylor novel 1982 Going After Cacciato Tim O’Brien novel 1978 Equus Peter Shaffer play 1973 Ceremony Leslie Marmon Silko novel 1977 Sophie’s Choice William Styron novel 1979 The Color Purple Alice Walker novel 1982 Fences August Wilson play 1983 The Piano Lesson August Wilson play 1987 1990-Present Title Author Genre Date Reservation Blues Sherman Alexie novel 1995 The Blind Assassin Margaret Atwood novel 2000 Oryx and Crake Margaret Atwood novel 2003 The Memory Keeper’s Daughter Kim Edwards novel 2005 Cold Mountain Charles Frazier novel 1997 Snow Falling on Cedars David Guterson novel 1994 The Kite Runner Khaled Hosseini novel 2003 A Thousand Splendid Suns Khaled Hosseini novel 2007 Never Let Me Go Kazuo Ishiguro novel 2005 The Poisonwood Bible Barbara Kingsolver novel 1998 The Namesake Jumpa Lahiri novel 2004 All the Pretty Horses Cormac McCarthy novel 1992 Atonement Ian McEwan novel 2001 Native Speaker Chang Rae-Lee novel 1995 The God of Small Things Arundhati Roy novel 1997 A Thousand Acres Jane Smiley novel 1991 The Bonesetter’s Daughter Amy Tan novel 2001 The Story of Edgar Sawtelle David Wroblewski novel 2008 Don't stay in one reading position for too long, or you'll end up like this guy. Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. An Addendum on Poetry You probably won’t be writing about poetry on your student choice essay- most just aren’t meaty enough in terms of action and character to merit a full-length essay on the themes when you don’t actually have the poem in front of you (a major exception being The Odyssey). That doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t be reading poetry, though! You should be reading a wide variety of poets from different eras to get comfortable with all the varieties of poetic language. This will make the poetry analysis essay and the multiple-choice questions about poetry much easier! See this list of poets compiled from the list given on page 14 of the AP Course and Exam Description for AP Lit, separated out by time period. For those poets who were working during more than one of the time periods sketched out below, I tried to place them in the era in which they were more active. I’ve placed an asterisk next to the most notable and important poets in the list; you should aim to read one or two poems by each of the starred poets to get familiar with a broad range of poetic styles and eras. 14th-17th Centuries Anne Bradstreet Geoffrey Chaucer John Donne George Herbert Ben Jonson Andrew Marvell John Milton William Shakespeare* 18th-19th Centuries William Blake* Robert Browning Samuel Taylor Coleridge* Emily Dickinson* Paul Laurence Dunbar George Gordon, Lord Byron Gerard Manley Hopkins John Keats* Edgar Allan Poe* Alexander Pope* Percy Bysshe Shelley* Alfred, Lord Tennyson* Walt Whitman* William Wordsworth* Early-Mid 20th Century W. H. Auden Elizabeth Bishop H. D. (Hilda Doolittle) T. S. Eliot* Robert Frost* Langston Hughes* Philip Larkin Robert Lowell Marianne Moore Sylvia Plath* Anne Sexton* Wallace Stevens William Carlos Williams William Butler Yeats* Late 20th Century-Present Edward Kamau Brathwaite Gwendolyn Brooks Lorna Dee Cervantes Lucille Clifton Billy Collins Rita Dove Joy Harjo Seamus Heaney Garrett Hongo Adrienne Rich Leslie Marmon Silko Cathy Song Derek Walcott Richard Wilbur You might rather burn books than read them after the exam, but please refrain. Key Takeaways Why do you need to read books to prepare for AP Lit? For three reasons: #1: To become familiar with a variety of literary eras and genres#2: To work on your close-reading skills#3: To become closely familiar with four-five works for the purposes of the student choice free-response essay analyzing a theme in a work of your choice. How many books do you need to read? Well, you definitely need to get very familiar with four-five for essay-writing purposes, and beyond that, the more the better! Which books should you read? Check out the AP English Literature reading list in this article to see works that have appeared on two or more â€Å"suggested works† lists on free-response prompts since 2003. And don’t forget to read some poetry too! See some College Board recommended poets listed in this article. What's Next? See my expert guide to the AP Literature test for more exam tips! The multiple-choice section of the AP Literature exam is a key part of your score. Learn everything you need to know about it in our complete guide to AP Lit multiple-choice questions. Taking other APs? Check out our expert guides to the AP Chemistry exam, AP US History, AP World History, AP Psychology, and AP Biology. Looking for other book recommendation lists from PrepScholar? We've compiled lists of the 7 books you must read if you're a pre-med and the 31 books to read before graduating high school. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Summary of the book Thinking Strategically in Turbulent times

Summary of the book Thinking Strategically in Turbulent times The rapid changes in technology have affected the way businesses and organizations operate. Fields such as nanotechnology, computing, communication, biotechnology and genetic engineering are the most affected. There is a lot of competition due to advances in technology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of the book â€Å"Thinking Strategically in Turbulent times† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, managers have been compelled to adjust accordingly in order to cope with the prevailing challenges. In some cases, other businesses are forced to redesign the operations and business processes of their organizations. According to Glassman, Zell and Duron (2005), this gives them a competitive position to respond to the changes in environments that surround the organizations. For this reason, there is dire need for managers to change the way knowledge and information is managed as well as to reinvent str ategically in order to ensure a competitive edge in the long run. The technology that existed some years back is now obsolete and no longer functional. This implies that the advances that are being made in technology will continue to affect the operations of businesses even in the future. For businesses to remain competitive, there are factors that need to be considered especially in the top management levels. These are innovation, competition in the market and the regulation of laws that govern such organizations. All these moves will go a long way in ensuring that businesses and the entire world are politically, socially and economically stable. In view of changing technologies in the market, it is obvious that there are winners and losers. The difference is brought about by the way businesses respond to changes in technology. For instance, most organizations lack contingency plans to cater for such emergencies. When changes in technology are likely to shake the foundation of a bu siness, it is advisable to allocate some funds that can cater for the changes. It is vital to noted that technology is not a cheap aspect to cater for since it has always been an expensive undertaking. The research and design department should work tirelessly in the organizations to make sure that the management allocates enough funds for this purpose. When recruiting staff members, it is vital for managers to strike a balance between technology related expertise and employees who do not require training (Glassman, Zell Duron, 2005). Training in an organization should be emphasized so that the organization’s staff members become conversant with the technology that runs the business. As the organization progresses with time, rules and regulations should be changed regularly. Moreover, managers should be innovative and reuse materials through recycling so that the costs of transformation are reduced to the most minimal level.Advertising Looking for essay on business e conomics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other organizations that are in quest to satisfy the needs of technological change have centralized the use of technology. According to Aulet (2009), this has encouraged sharing of expensive tools and equipment that are placed in central offices to ensure that less resources are bought in the organization. Use of networks has also assisted in making sure that the shared resources are well managed. The latter enables users to work from a remote location. For instance, the use of networks will help departments share resources such as printers and expensive servers. The network should be made as complex as possible for purpose of security. It should ensure that hackers and other criminals do not take advantage of vulnerabilities of the system. Human behavior affects the manner in which businesses perform. The management should therefore make sound decisions on human resource so that hum an errors are reduced to the lowest possible levels. Human error is a major reason for failure in businesses. Shapiro (2013) explains that conflict management is prudent. Misundertandings and conflicts are common among staff members of any organization. Resistance to change is also likely to occur among the employees. It is upon the managers to communicate change in the right way in order to reduce chances of conflicts related to resistance to change. Fair remuneration helps reduce cases of conflict between employees and the employer. Motivation should be encourages as well. This ensures that staff turnover is minimal and also reduces costs of recruitment and training of new members of staff. Staff experience is treated as an asset. Fair punishment should be done for all members of staff without bias or discrimination. Businesses have changed from the traditional ways of strategy formulation. Strategies no longer fall under mission statements and goals. Today’s technology has affected the way strategy formulation is addressed. It is only those businesses that make short term strategies that have competitive edge in the global economy. The external and internal entities and stake holders of businesses have changed their processes thereby forcing the businesses to change toward the same direction. Managers should ensure that any form of technology that is in place is as simple as possible. Less complicated technology is easy to manage and analyze. The analysis done goes long way in ensuring that forecasting is executed perfectly. During this process, all vulnerabilities and loopholes are closed and the business operates at low risks. There are several forces (both external and internal) that affect the operation of businesses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of the book â€Å"Thinking Strategically in Turbulent times† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, a business en vironment is considered to be turbulent when several aspects of organizational change occur at the same time. Managers have different views on the effects of these forces. When the analysis and consultations are done in the right manner, business managers will be at vantage positions to control the set strategies and turbulent times in the business. References Aulet, K. W. (2009). Business Planning Principles and Applications. Retrieved from http://dig.csail.mit.edu/2010/LinkedData/Presentations/BusinessPlanning.pdf Glassman, M. A., Zell, D. Duron, S. (2005). Thinking strategically in turbulent times: an inside view of strategy making. London: M.E Sharpe. Shapiro, J. (2013). Strategic Planning. 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Historical Significance of AIDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Historical Significance of AIDS - Essay Example The article views a range of aspects from a social perspective on practices of institutions that shape the response of Brazil to AIDS and victims lives and their stories. It is drawn from interviews with policy makers, corporate actors, longitudinal ethnographic and activists among the care services of AIDS. The innovation of pharmaceuticals allow for unlikely coalitions which exposes the insufficiencies of action to reforms and paradigms of public health, if to global values, limited extent and mechanisms. The treatment rollouts form matters of strong negotiations, the local realization shape up by uncertainty and contingencies. Such realizations program diverse political and economic interests, as well as desires and citizens needs. The therapeutic merges also expose local infrastructure and national deficiencies and bring together the relations of civil society. A public health model that is pharmaceutically centred has surfaced to be a by-product from the treatment of AIDS sustai nability and scale up of policy of AIDS in Brazil has to constantly be negotiated in the drugs world market. Many networks and differentiation in the AIDS care resurface and in the article, the reason for the difficultness in AIDS practice among the poor has been well spelt out. The AIDS victims who are poor stay in a flux state and simultaneously acknowledging their condition during their participation in salvation. In a micro and macro level, there is a triage state and survival politics crystallizing (Biehl, pp 1083) Many communities have different beliefs, ideas and healing systems about AIDS and therefore, a viewed few ideas will be considered (porter, pp8). AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a feared disease which results into entire failure of resistance to bacterial and viral infection that originally exist in the body of human being. AIDS is caused by Human T-cell Lymph tropic-associated HTLV-III according to scientists from America. In France the scientists name d it LAV and World Health Organization calls it HIV. The virus affects selectively helper T-cells responsible for very crucial role in the defence responses of human body to fight diseases (Christopher et al, pp 7) The named symptoms might show one or alongside others or altogether might be suppressed: unexplainable and significant weight loss, thick sputum cough, glands which are swollen in neck side, groin and armpits, watery diarrhoea that persists, white copursles reduction, anal and oral ulcers persistent mood of tiredness and blood platelets reduction. The virus presence in human body is discovered through an easy test of blood called ELISA. Other tests like test of immune florescence and Western blot can be used to confirm this test (ELISA). AIDS is not curable. But researchers worldwide are working on finding a safe but effective vaccine and a drug which would stop this virus from spreading. Considerations have been on many drugs. But Dideoxy nucleoside, Ribavarin and Azidot hymidine seems to be more satisfactory. Already AZT is being used in the United States of America on the victims. AIDS is a name derived from a deadly immune structure weakening. Furthermore, AIDS as investigated is caused by T4cells destruction or functional failure. T4 cells are also known as helper cells that perform a systematic role in production of immune system or body defence antibodies. During the period of ailment, there exists a big reduction of the helper cells count blocking the manufacturing of antibodies and